The rise of extremism and the forging of alliances. The failure of appeasement. Asked by: Viliam Morinigo asked in category: General Last Updated: 9th June, What were the underlying and immediate causes of ww2? The major causes of World War II were numerous.
They include the impact of the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, the worldwide economic depression, failure of appeasement, the rise of militarism in Germany and Japan, and the failure of the League of Nations.
What were the 4 main causes of ww2? Below are some of the main causes of World War 2. Because Germany had lost the war, the treaty was very harsh against Germany.
The treaty required that Germany pay a huge sum of money called reparations. What was the reason for World War 1? The real causes of World War I included politics, secret alliances, imperialism, and nationalistic pride.
However, there was one single event, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, which started a chain of events leading to war. What were the major causes of World War II? Who won World War 1? Germany was the main loser, along with Austria - Hungary, The Ottoman Empire, and the other Central Powers and also Russia, although Russia withdrew from the war early due to civil war issues at home. Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
Why Attack Pearl Harbor? As war was inevitable, Japan's only chance was the element of surprise and to destroy America's navy as quickly as possible. Japan wanted to move into the Dutch East Indies and Malaya to conquer territories that could provide important natural resources such as oil and rubber. Why did the Treaty of Versailles fail? It was doomed from the start, and another war was practically certain.
Next the politacal takeover of Hitler, because we all know that the takeover of Hitler in Germany contributed greatly to the war. During the s, attempts were made to achieve a stable peace. The first was the establishment of the League of Nations as a forum in which nations could settle their disputes.
At the Washington Conference of , the principal naval powers agreed to limit their navies according to a fixed ratio. The Locarno Conference produced a treaty guarantee of the German-French boundary and an arbitration agreement between Germany and Poland. In the s, however, the wave of the future appeared to be a form of nationalistic, militaristic totalitarianism known by its Italian name, fascism. Benito Mussolini established the first Fascist, European dictatorship during the inter war period in Italy in In the early s, the Great Depression hit Germany.
The moderate parties could not agree on what to do about it, and large numbers of voters turned to the Nazis and Communists. In Hitler became the German Chancellor, and in a series of subsequent moves established himself as dictator.
As dismantlers of the world status quo, the Japanese were well ahead of Hitler. They used a minor clash with Chinese troops near Mukden, also known as the Mukden or Manchurian crisis, in as a pretext for taking over all of Manchuria, where they proclaimed the puppet state of Manchukuo in In they occupied the main Chinese ports.
Having denounced the disarmament clauses of the Versailles Treaty, created a new air force, and reintroduced conscription, Hitler tried out his new weapons on the side of right-wing military rebels in the Spanish civil war This venture brought him into collaboration with Mussolini who was also supporting the Spanish revolt after having seized Ethiopia in a small war.
This pact denounced communism and it showed their unity in the matter. The Axis thereafter became the collective term for those countries and their allies. Hitler launched his own expansionist drive with the annexation of Austria in March The U. In September Hitler threatened war to annex the western border area of Czechoslovakia, the Sudetenland and its 3. Less than six months later, in March , Hitler seized the remainder of Czechoslovakia.
France already had a mutual defense treaty with Poland. The turn away from appeasement brought the Soviet Union to the fore. Joseph Stalin, the Soviet dictator, had offered military help to Czechoslovakia during the crisis, but had been ignored by all the parties to the Munich Agreement. Now that war threatened, he was courted by both sides, but Hitler made the more attractive offer. Allied with Britain and France, the Soviet Union might well have had to fight, but all Germany asked for was its neutrality.
In the part published the next day, Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to go to war against each other. The costs of carrying out World War I, as well as the costs to rebuild Western Europe after years of fighting, resulted in enormous debts on the part of the Western European powers to the United States.
The enormous reparations put on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles also increased the debts. Coupled with ineffective governments in many of these European States notably the Weinmar Republic, pre-Mussolini Italy and Socialist France led to slow reconstruction and poor economic growth. Unable to repay these loans, the economies of the West collapsed, beginning the Great Depression.
After winning the Russo-Japanese War in , Japan quickly became the dominant power in its region. Russia recognized Korea as a Japanese sphere of influence and removed all of its forces from there and Manchuria, the sparsely populated northeastern region of China.
In , Japan annexed Korea as its own with little protest or resistance. Still, Japan was a quickly growing country, both population-wise and economically.
It founded the South Manchuria Railway company in Manchuria in , and with that company was able to gain government-like control of the area. By , the Depression had struck a blow to Japan. Instead, the public favored the Japanese army, and soon the civilian government had lost control of its military.
Manchuria was vast and thinly populated, and would serve as excellent elbow room for an already overcrowded Japan.
It was also thought that Manchuria was rich in forests, natural resources, and fertile land. The fact that the Japanese believed themselves to be far superior to the Chinese only moved Japan towards conflict faster. Additionally, the warlord of Manchuria went against Japanese expectations and declared his allegiance to a growing Chinese military movement. So, in , the army staged an explosion at a section of railway near Mukden, a city in Manchuria, as a pretext to invade and annex China.
Japan met little resistance, although it did not have support of its own government, and Manchuria was completely occupied by the end of the year. Japan subsequently set up the puppet state of Manchukuo to oversee the newly acquired region. The s saw a weak and politically chaotic China. Warlords of the many provinces of China constantly feuded, and the central government was weak and decentralized, unable to do anything to stop conflict.
Chiang led an expedition to defeat southern and central Chinese warlords and gain the allegiance of northern warlords. He was successful, and he soon focused on what he perceived to be a greater threat than Japan, which was communism.
But in , the deposed warlord general of Manchuria kidnapped Chiang and refused to release him until he at least temporarily united with the communists against the Japanese threat. The Japanese army responded by staging the Battle of Lugou Bridge, which was supposed to provoke open war between China and Japan. It worked and the Sino-Japanese War began. The beginning of the conflict was marked by the Chinese strategy of giving up land in order to stall the Japanese. It is important to note that the Japanese was not to completely take over China; rather, the Japanese wanted to set up puppet governments in key regions that would protect and advance Japanese interests.
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